Climate topic selection

For my topic I would like to study Climate Science. I choose this because I really enjoy science, and climate science is a heavy discussed topic in politics, another topic I thoroughly enjoy, and the discussion of the change in climate and the study of climate, past, and future, and how scientists study and analyze the results.

Climate

Top five words that come to mind when I hear "Climate"
1. Change
2. Long-term
3. Forward-thinking
4. Effects
5. Graph
Why these words come to mind
1. It is a common topic in presidential debates, and is frequently discussed on news stations arguing the significance.
2. It is not weather, it is the change in the environment and atmosphere over a long period of time. One's perspective must extend past his/her lifetime, forward and backward.
3. You need to understand the effects of what you are doing, and try to predict how that will effect climate, and if it is wrong or not.
4. The effect of climate is subjective to one's environmental conditions.
5. Climate is usually represented in a graph, however seeing a change in climate though images is also common.

Who is to "blame" those who created climate issues, or those stood by?

President Hoover responded incorrectly by thinking that the individualistic attitude of America would resolve the crash. He believed that the economy would "bounce back", and recover from this downturn. Many did not believe that it was the government's position to resolve the problem. Men began to blame themselves when things started to go wrong, because prior to the crash, men were often the soul providers of the family, and to ask for assistance evoked a feeling of worthlessness, and self-pity. I believe their response was valid. A rapidly increasing consumer culture made many believe that in order to be happy, you had to have a lot of possessions. This led to a rapidly growing material society. It suddenly became easy to take out a loan to buy an appliance, or a seemingly unimportant purchase. These purchases added up, and due to the inhabitability to pay off these loans, when rates increase, people, unknowingly, created a massive economic downturn. It should be embarrassing to have to rely on someone else because of a mistake that you made.

If I had been there on that day, I believe I would have reacted like Cooper(Matthew McConaughey) and Murph(Mackenzie Foy) from interstellar. It would be a tremendous event, however the shock of it would not have been as present. I believe the feeling would be more of relief, rather than shock. Relief that it is over, that until the next season, having to worry about abandonment, suffocation, and solitude are all feelings that I can ignore until the next season returns. I would probably ask, "Why are we doing this to ourselves?" And if the cause is unknown, then I would ask "Why is this happening?"

The western third of Kansas, Southeastern Colorado, the Oklahoma Panhandle, the northern two-thirds of the Texas Panhandle. and Northeastern New Mexico were affected by the Dust Bowl, an area of 500x300 miles. Drought, but mostly poor farming and tending techniques brought by pioneers and explorers. I agree with the historian's perspective. I believe it had to do with the stubbornness of the society. Their ignorance and drive to make the most money ended in their demise.

It was a significant migration. For a population to lose 25%-40% of it's residents, is difficult to grasp. The economic effects had to be more severe, loosing that many workers creates an unifiable void that causes prices locally to increase. Acceptance made life in California most difficult. Having to work immigrant worker's jobs for a few dollars a day was incredibly difficult. With a lack of acceptance and it being easier to hire immigrants, finding work in California was awful.

The Technology Behind Radio

In the late 19th century, many scientist proposed the idea of radio. They theorized it’s possibilities, and came to conclusion that transmitting radio waves is possible. It took almost ten years before the first scientist,Guglielmo Marconi, in 1894, created the first, successful radio.

Radio’s are fairly simple, in theory. A radio station transfers material(like a song or advertisement)into radio waves. This step is called modulation. The information modulated is broadcasted through radio waves, which can be picked up by an antenna. In order to hear the sound transmitted, the radio system needs to tune in to the correct frequency or amplitude depending on the broadcast system. If it is broadcasted with variation in amplitude, then it is AM, meaning amplitude modulation, and if it is broadcasted with variation in frequency, then it is FM, frequency modulation.

I will be talking about amplitude modulation for the rest of the paper, because it was not until 1941 that FM was created. For a radio to understand the material sent, it has to understand how it was sent. A radio station sends a sine wave, called a carrier signal. It has no variation. Simultaneously, a wave with varying amplitude is sent. The two waves are then multiplied by each other, and that is the broadcast signal. The radio, then determines the amplitudes of the station, and compares that with the signal sent. This information is translated into sound, travels out a speaker, and to the ears.

Relative to FM, AM has a lower signal strength. With modulation in amplitude, some parts of the data sent may not be picked up, causing the sound to not play. It is broadcasted with a cap of 50kW. AM also operates at a lower frequency of around 535 kHz to 1605 kHz. AM waves can look similar to waves being sent by natural things, such as the sun. This can cause interference, and makes the maximum broadcasting rage limited. However, at night, when the ionosphere that the sun produces is not as prevalent, radio can transmit further distances. In conclusion, the technology that made radio possible is not as important as the implications of radio. One can now send information out to a large mass of people over long distances.

Catch a Wave: Radio Waves and How They Work

Pier Review Book

Brooks Johnson's classic: Technology and Economic Growth, though at first may appear to many readers as timeless, and a cult classic, is actually a compilation of haikus with collaboration with a slag dictionary from the 20's. I enjoyed the read.

Abbie Child's book came with colorful pictures that are very entertaining. The book helps to understand the extent at which prohibition took place in America.

Matthew Chandler's

Einstein's Theory of Relativity

I started my the "journey" off with some knowledge of Einstein, and his general theory of relativity and it's quantum applications. Knowing about it already, I was eager to begin researching it and learning more about it. Before I started to research I went over what I knew. I knew that Einstein was a German Physicist, who pioneered the world of science with his discoveries. I was first introduced to the theory of relativity in the 3rd grade. We were to calculate how fast an object was traveling in relation to time(It seems complicated but was just multiplication). I asked my dad for help and he began to explain that the object, and the people inside of it, if traveling the speed of light, would expire time differently than someone outside of the object. To the people within the "ship" time would appear to be standing still. My dad explained it to me like this: A man is on a train traveling through a station. The train is traveling near the speed of light. As the train passes, a man at the terminal sees the rear of the train accelerating faster than the front of the train. To him it appears that the rear is catching up. To the passenger of the train, the man sees the front and back as equal distance, and accelerating at a constant speed. The point is that there is no standard for momentum. Every object moving at speed is moving relative to the objects around it. I learned that this concept was undeniably wrong in the eyes of Nobel Prize winning scientist of the time. It was understandable however. The idea that events can occur simultaneously for one person and occur at different times for another is ridiculous. But to Einstein, it was simple. 

Relativity of Simultaneity

Einstein's version of the train (from wikipedia page: Relativity of Simultaneity) "Einstein's version of the experiment presumed slightly different conditions, where a train moving past the standing observer is struck by two bolts of lightning simultaneously, but at different positions along the axis of train movement (back and front of the train car). In the inertial frame of the standing observer, there are three events which are spatially dislocated, but simultaneous: event of the standing observer facing the moving observer , event of lightning striking the front of the train car, and the event of lightning striking the back of the car.

Since the events are placed along the axis of train movement, their time coordinates become projected to different time coordinates in the moving train's inertial frame. Events which occurred at space coordinates in the direction of train movement (in the stationary frame), happen earlier than events at coordinates opposite to the direction of train movement. In the moving train's inertial frame, this means that lightning will strike the front of the train car before two observers align (face each other)."

While war was waging in France, Einstein was under attack in America. Einstein was forced to prove what seemed impossible to prove. How could Einstein move an object at the speed of light. In order to prove his theory, he set out on an expedition. He gathered an English and an American Scientist and sent them to Africa to get long exposures of an eclipse. In order to prove his theory, Einstein needed to prove that light and gravity were relative. He needed to show that gravity affects light. Having to haul the expensive camera equipment with fragile lenses became a challenge for the scientists. The first expedition was a failure. Poor conditions prevented the scientists from capturing a long exposed image of the eclipse. However the second journey was successful. Einstein proved that light bends around objects.

That was the information that I knew before the research process began. Though it may seem complex and multilayered, it is a simple concept that a third grader can grasp. I started off researching from a newspaper archive called ReadEX. I was interested to find and article about how a 16 year old boy was being praised across the nation for being one of thirteen to understand relativity. I thought about this for a while. I dawned on me that the reason this is such a monumental theory is not the cultural significance of having inaccurate clocks, or seeing movement differently. The importance is that Einstein was able to conceive the idea in his head. To be able to spark such an idea from nothing is remarkable, especially at the time that he did. After realizing this I remembered reading about how Einstein was missing certain parts of his brain, and certain parts were larger. This is not like a Phrenology bust, however parts of the brain are associated with the creation of certain things. Einstein's partial lobe was 15% larger than the average brain, and he was missing parts of his brain, which allowed for neural communication to be more clear. Being able to conjure relativity required the perfect brain to do so. Einstein claimed to be heavily visual with his thought(much like myself) with this, he was able to theorize and simulate events in his head. Back to the 16 year old boy in the Bronx. His ability to understand Einstein must have came f

My little book

Here is a picture of me and my little book. I wrote a little book about prohibition in th 1920's. I included time authentic language and images to make the reader feel like they are in the 20's.